Detection Of Genotypes and Association With Interleukin 28 B aAnd Toll Like Receptor 2 Polymorphism in Hepatitis C Infected Patients

Abstract

Many forms of liver cancer and cirrhosis can be traced back to the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). The hepatitis C virus infects about 3 percent of the global population. Therefore, HCV infection is considered a major risk to public health. HCV genotypes differ geographically due to structural diversity within the virus's DNA. IL28B polymorphisms influence both the rate of spontaneous clearance and the responsiveness to interferon- (IFN)-based therapy. IL28B is found on Chromosome 19, which encodes interleukin 28B. IL28B is responsible for the production of IFN-3, which has antiviral efficacy against HCV both directly and indirectly through the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) complex. Inflammation is triggered when Toll-like receptor 2 binds to the core and NS3 proteins of the Hepatitis C virus. TLR2 maps to human chromosome 4q32. There is evidence from genetic research that TLR2 gene variations influence host defence and disease development. With this research, we hope to evaluate the role of SNPs IL28 B and TLR2 polymorphisms in HCV infection. The current study's sample size was 248 people, with 124 people serving as HCV positive patients and 124 serving as healthy controls. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was utilized to calculate the HCV viral load and genotypes. In order to determine the relationship between the SNPs IL28 B and TLR2 polymorphism, PCR- RFLP -gel electrophoresis was used. xx There was a total of 124 HCV-positive patients tested, although only 66 had detectable virus loads. There was no significant difference in the amount of viral RNA between the sexes or age groups. There was a favourable relationship observed between viral RNA levels and liver enzymes. HCV genotype 3 was the most common, followed by genotypes 2, 1, 4, and mixed. Males and younger people tend to have the 3 genotype. There was no statistically significant relationship between viral load and genotyping. The IL28 B rs 126979860 polymorphism and the TLR2 genotype were also studied genetically. The likelihood of being infected with HCV increases when both copies of IL28B contain the minor allele A. Unfortunately, no statistically significant findings regarding TLR 2 polymorphism were found. In conclusion, among HCV-infected patients, genotype 3 predominated. The polymorphism in SNP rs12979860 was significantly related with HCV infection, while the polymorphism in TLR2 was not. As a result, IL28B can be a therapeutic target, and it may even play a role in vaccine research and development.